From 1918 to 1934, Vienna was governed by the Social Democrats that ruled by an absolute majority and, during the “Red Vienna” period, put their vision of a just and social society into practice. Education at adult education centres (Volkshochschulen) was one essential pillar of this transformation, as it enabled everyone to participate in social advancement. During this time, Naturefriends developed the concept of “social hiking”: The hikes served as times of rest and relaxation outdoors while at the same time providing an opportunity to discuss socio-political issues, such as the population’s living and working conditions or historic developments.